Xinan Zhang

2 weeks ago | tandfonline.com | Zhou Chen |Xiao Wang |Xinan Zhang |Ming Lin

ABSTRACTLarge Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated a remarkable capacity to efficiently learn, comprehend, and process extensive datasets and academic literature, leading to their widespread application across a variety of disciplines. However, the adoption of LLMs in geoscience remains constrained by several inherent limitations, including a lack of geoscience knowledge, difficulties in updating information, insufficient autonomy, high operational costs, and low efficiency.