Xun Sun

Jan 22, 2025 | nature.com | Xun Sun

AbstractIntervertebral disc degeneration is a degenerative disease where inflammation and immune responses play significant roles. Macrophages, as key immune cells, critically regulate inflammation through polarization into different phenotypes. In recent years, the role of macrophages in inflammation-related degenerative diseases, such as intervertebral disc degeneration, has been increasingly recognized.

May 31, 2023 | frontiersin.org | Three Gorges |Javier Moreno |Xun Sun |Haiyan Liu

1 IntroductionVisceral leishmaniasis (VL), also known as kala-azar, is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by protozoan Leishmania parasites, mainly transmitted by the bite of female phlebotomine sandflies (Gebresilassie et al., 2015; Lévêque et al., 2020). According to the WHO, leishmaniasis is endemic in nearly 98 countries of tropical and subtropical regions, primarily affecting developing countries (Alvar et al., 2012).