Yichuan Ma

Aug 12, 2024 | dovepress.com | Lei Liu |Qinghua Zhang |Yichuan Ma |Ling Lin

Introduction International Diabetes Federation (IDF) Diabetes Atlas reports that 537 million adults were living with diabetes in 2011 and predicts a rise to 783 million diabetics by 2045.1 Type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM), regarded as one of the most serious global health threats, is a pathological condition characterized by a multifaceted etiology involving insulin resistance and diminished insulin sensitivity, compounded by a decline in insulin secretion from the pancreatic beta cells.