Yulong Hu

Apr 25, 2024 | mdpi.com | Xin Liu Liu |Yulong Hu |Nian Liu

1. IntroductionWater cooling systems are an important and indispensable part of the production process in many industrial fields, such as ships, electric power, oil refining, the chemical industry, and so on. At present, seawater systems commonly used in ships incorporate materials such as copper alloys. However, due to the inadequate corrosion resistance of copper alloys against seawater flow, corrosion frequently manifests within seawater systems [1,2].