Zhanfeng Bai

Jun 27, 2023 | mdpi.com | Dongxuan Li |Yi SONG |Xin Xi |Zhanfeng Bai

1. IntroductionClostridium difficile is an anaerobic, spore-forming Gram-positive bacillus that usually colonizes in the human gut [1]. It is an opportunistic pathogen that is able to abnormally proliferate, produce toxins and result in diarrhea, especially in patients with changes in the indigenous colonic microbiota following antibiotic use [2], and it is reported that the attributable mortality of C. difficile infection (CDI) should be at least 5.99% [3].