Zhigang Liu

Jun 28, 2024 | mdpi.com | Liang Zhao |Rui Sun |Jingyu Zhang |Zhigang Liu

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Nov 9, 2023 | mdpi.com | Zhigang Liu |Xiaoke Liu

All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No specialpermission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. Forarticles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused withoutpermission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer tohttps://www.mdpi.com/openaccess.

Aug 24, 2023 | mdpi.com | Zhigang Liu |Liang Wu |Yue Qiu |Fan Liu

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Aug 13, 2023 | mdpi.com | Jie Li |Sen Liu |Jianmin Li |Zhigang Liu

3.2. Flowback Pattern of the Fracturing FluidAlong with the production, the fracturing fluid flows back with the oil. Typically, the early flowback has a large water saturation and gradually decreases with time as shown above. Numerical simulation reveals two stages in the production; in the first stage, the flowback water mainly comes from hydraulic fractures, while in the second stage the flowback water mainly comes from the rock matrix.