Zhihao Ma

Oct 15, 2024 | onlinelibrary.wiley.com | Zhiguo Ding |Bin Wei |Zhihao Ma |Jing Xie

1 Introduction In 1982, Magerl [1] first reported the use of percutaneous pedicle screw fixation (PPSF) technique in thoracolumbar spine, which had the advantages of small incision, less blood loss and minimal damage to the muscles in the lower back [2]. Since then, percutaneous pedicle screw fixation has been gradually applied in clinical practice. Foley et al.