Zilong Xu

May 20, 2024 | mdpi.com | Zilong Xu |Juan Zhou |Hu Chen |Bo Xu

1. IntroductionPiston accumulators serve as energy storage devices in hydraulic pneumatic systems and play an important role in industries such as petrochemicals, large machinery, and steel metallurgy. The structure of the mainstream piston accumulator is shown in Figure 1, with the part names corresponding to the numbers in Figure 1, as shown in Table 1. The external container of a piston accumulator is usually a cylindrical metal casing.