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Aug 22, 2024 | 
science.org | Paras S. Minhas |Zhenlin Yang |David Pfau |Emily Boyd
Editor’s summarySamarium diiodide is widely used as a reductant in reactions of carbonyl compounds. However, it has poor solubility and must generally be used in excess quantities. Attempts to use this reductant catalytically have been hindered by its tight binding to oxygen during reactions. Boyd et al. now report that a well-chosen acid can help cleave the samarium-oxygen bond and induce turnover with electrons provided electrochemically or by metallic zinc.
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Jan 12, 2024 | 
pnas.org | Caroline Zickgraf |Dominique Jolivet |Claudia Fry |Emily Boyd
Academics are more specific, and practitioners more sensitive, in forecasting interventions to strengthen democratic attitudesEdited by Kenneth Wachter, University of California, Berkeley, CA; received April 30, 2023; accepted November 8, 2023SignificanceMore credible ideas for addressing social problems are generated than can be tested or implemented. To identify the most promising interventions, decision-makers may rely on forecasts of intervention efficacy from experts or laypeople.
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Jan 12, 2024 | 
pnas.org | Caroline Zickgraf |Dominique Jolivet |Claudia Fry |Emily Boyd
On the surprising effectiveness of a simple matrix exponential derivative approximation, with application to global SARS-CoV-2Edited by James Bull, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID; received November 6, 2023; accepted November 30, 2023SignificanceRecent work uses a simplistic approximation to the matrix exponential derivative to apply gold-standard models from evolutionary biology to a collection of challenging data analyses.
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Jan 10, 2024 | 
pnas.org | Caroline Zickgraf |Dominique Jolivet |Claudia Fry |Emily Boyd
SignificanceThe COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need to deeply understand which arms of the immune system are responsible for protection from severe infection. Antibody neutralization has been the main indicator of protection, but increasing evidence highlights the role of fragment crystallizable (Fc) effector functions in determining the outcome of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection.
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Jan 10, 2024 | 
pnas.org | Caroline Zickgraf |Dominique Jolivet |Claudia Fry |Emily Boyd
Since the murder of George Floyd in 2020 and in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic it is fair to say that discussion of the use of race concepts in medical and biological fields in the United States has intensified and been more visible than many previous such discussions throughout the 20th century and now in the 21st century.
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Jan 9, 2024 | 
pnas.org | Caroline Zickgraf |Dominique Jolivet |Claudia Fry |Emily Boyd
AbstractThe broad and substantial educational harm caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has motivated large federal, state, and local investments in academic recovery. However, the success of these efforts depends in part on students’ regular school attendance. Using state-level data, I show that the rate of chronic absenteeism among US public-school students grew substantially as students returned to in-person instruction.
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Jan 8, 2024 | 
pnas.org | Caroline Zickgraf |Dominique Jolivet |Claudia Fry |Emily Boyd
Accurate estimation of biological age and its application in disease prediction using a multimodal image Transformer system Jinzhuo Wang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9464-4426, Yuanxu Gao https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5314-0195, Fangfei Wang https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5972-8442, +15 , Simiao Zeng, Jiahui Li, Hanpei Miao, Taorui Wang, Jin Zeng, Daniel Baptista-Hon, Olivia Monteiro, Taihua Guan https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8245-8620, Linling Cheng, Yuxing Lu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8207-4411,...
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Jan 8, 2024 | 
pnas.org | Caroline Zickgraf |Dominique Jolivet |Claudia Fry |Emily Boyd
SignificanceWe find that public school enrollments of different race/ethnicity groups responded differently to COVID schooling policies. Specifically, we find that non-White populations were more likely to disenroll from districts offering in-person schooling in fall 2020. This is consistent with the fact that communities of color faced greater risks from COVID and report less trust in medical and social institutions.
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Jan 8, 2024 | 
pnas.org | Caroline Zickgraf |Dominique Jolivet |Claudia Fry |Emily Boyd
A plant virus manipulates the long-winged morph of insect vectorsContributed by Le Kang; received September 4, 2023; accepted November 28, 2023; reviewed by Jennifer A. Brisson and Guy SmaggheSignificanceWing dimorphism is a typical phenotypic plasticity in insects. Most cases reported previously involve indirect regulation of plant viruses to wing dimorphism of insect vectors through host plants. Here, we revealed that a plant virus directly induces a long-winged morph in male insect vectors.
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Jan 8, 2024 | 
pnas.org | Caroline Zickgraf |Dominique Jolivet |Claudia Fry |Emily Boyd
J. S. Takahashi, Transcriptional architecture of the mammalian circadian clock. Nat. Rev. Genet. 18, 164–179 (2017). R. Zhang, N. F. Lahens, H. I. Ballance, M. E. Hughes, J. B. Hogenesch, A circadian gene expression atlas in mammals: Implications for biology and medicine. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 111, 16219–16224 (2014). J. M. Lane et al., Genetics of circadian rhythms and sleep in human health and disease. Nat. Rev. Genet. 24, 1–17 (2022). S. M. Abbott, R. G. Malkani, P. C.
