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Nov 21, 2024 | 
science.org | Chenshu Liu |Feyza Yilmaz |Ayumi Kuratani |Kaiyi Jiang
AbstractDirected protein evolution is central to biomedical applications but faces challenges like experimental complexity, inefficient multi-property optimization, and local maxima traps. While in silico methods using protein language models (PLMs) can provide modeled fitness landscape guidance, they struggle to generalize across diverse protein families and map to protein activity.
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Nov 21, 2024 | 
science.org | Chenshu Liu |Feyza Yilmaz |Ayumi Kuratani |Agustín Fuentes
Science, both teaching and doing, is under attack. The recent US presidential election of a person and platform with anti-science bias exemplifies this. The study of climate processes and patterns and the role of human activities in these phenomena are at the heart of multiple global crises, and yet the scientific results, and the scientists presenting them, are attacked constantly.
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Nov 21, 2024 | 
science.org | Chenshu Liu |Feyza Yilmaz |Ayumi Kuratani |Franklin Tao
Editor’s summaryHeterogeneous catalysts, in which metal nanoparticles are dispersed on a support material, can undergo many changes after activation and subsequent reaction conditions. Tao and Salmeron reviewed fundamental studies of metal nanoparticles changing size, shape, and surface composition in response to different environmental conditions and how these nanoparticles interact with metal-oxide supports.
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Nov 21, 2024 | 
science.org | Chenshu Liu |Feyza Yilmaz |Ayumi Kuratani |Jesse R. Smith
Energy Economics Decoupling too slowlyJesse SmithEfforts to decouple economic growth from fossil fuel use are falling well short of targets. (Pictured: an old crude oil well pumpjack)PHOTO: ANAN KAEWKHAMMUL/ALAMY STOCK PHOTOModern economic growth has depended on fossil fuel burning, but if we are to avoid the most serious consequences of climate change, then economic growth must be decoupled from hydrocarbon energy generation. Zioga et al.
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Nov 21, 2024 | 
science.org | Chenshu Liu |Feyza Yilmaz |Ayumi Kuratani
Editor’s summaryMunicipal drinking water in the US is often treated with chloramines to prevent the growth of harmful microorganisms, but these molecules can also react with organic and inorganic dissolved compounds to form disinfection by-products that are potentially toxic. Fairey et al. studied a previously known but uncharacterized product of mono- and dichloramine decomposition and identified it as the chloronitroamide anion (see the Perspective by McCurry).
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Nov 21, 2024 | 
science.org | Chenshu Liu |Feyza Yilmaz |Ayumi Kuratani
The Pew Research Center survey on trust in science and researchers is eagerly awaited every year by science policy experts and communicators. This year’s results, released last week, give a small, but meaningful, reason to be optimistic: Trust in scientists, which took a substantial hit during the pandemic, is starting to recover.
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Nov 21, 2024 | 
science.org | Chenshu Liu |Feyza Yilmaz |Ayumi Kuratani |Ashley Brown
Recent discoveries involving cell death and metabolism are beginning to elucidate mechanisms involved in intractable diseases. Ferroptosis is a form of cell death driven by irondependent damage to lipids, the building blocks of cellular membranes. Specifically, lipids that contain polyunsaturated fatty acids readily undergo oxidation, causing damage to membranes.
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Nov 21, 2024 | 
science.org | Chenshu Liu |Feyza Yilmaz |Ayumi Kuratani |Sacha Vignieri
Marine Conservation Give them roomSacha VignieriThe vast majority of whale hotspots do not have protections in place against collisions between whales and ships. PHOTO: SERGEY URYADNIKOV/ALAMY STOCK PHOTOMost whaling ended more than 20 years ago, but human activities, including direct collisions between whales and ships, continue to negatively affect whale populations. Nisi et al.
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Nov 21, 2024 | 
science.org | Chenshu Liu |Feyza Yilmaz |Ayumi Kuratani
Skip to main content Main content starts here PerspectiveImmunologyMacrophages deliver polarizing messages to promote immune suppression in tumorsAbstractT cells can recognize and kill tumor cells, discriminating them from normal cells of the body. The promise of T cell–based immunotherapy for some cancers (1) has sparked research aimed at expanding the range of patients that benefit from new and improved treatments.
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Nov 21, 2024 | 
science.org | Chenshu Liu |Feyza Yilmaz |Ayumi Kuratani |Joseph R. Cimpian
AbstractMen considerably outnumber women in physics, engineering, and computer science (PECS) majors, with a recent male-to-female ratio of ~4:1, a stark contrast to the near parity in other science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines (1). This gender disparity in PECS carries wide-reaching implications for equity, innovation, and scientific advancement.
