Gongshui Chen

Aug 27, 2023 | mdpi.com | Meixia He |Rui Guo |Chao Xiong |Gongshui Chen

1. IntroductionIn natural environments, microorganisms can perceive fluctuations in nutritional conditions and respond appropriately through multiple sensing mechanisms, which allow cells to adapt to environments and survive []. For continuous growth, yeast requires various nutrients, such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphate, sulfate, metal ions, and vitamins []. Carbon sources are the basis for the growth, metabolism, and activity of cells [].