Hongren Pan

Sep 20, 2024 | mdpi.com | Jinlong Chen |Yun Jiang |Minghao Yang |Hongren Pan

1. IntroductionPath planning is one of the core issues in fields such as robotics, autonomous driving, and mobile robot navigation [1]. This problem requires algorithms to find the optimal or feasible path between a start point and an endpoint, while also considering obstacle avoidance and optimizing certain performance metrics such as path length, safety, or adaptability.