Hyun-Jong Eun

Aug 13, 2024 | onlinelibrary.wiley.com | Soo-Yeon Lee |Ki-Young Lee |Hyun-Jong Eun

1 Introduction RAS proteins (HRAS, KRAS and NRAS) are membrane-associated small GTPases and act as molecular switches that cycle between the active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states, regulating multiple intracellular signaling cascades for cell proliferation, differentiation and survival.[1] The guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) proteins activate RAS by catalysing the release of GDP and binding of GTP, while GTP hydrolysis is promoted by the GTPase activating proteins (GAPs).