Jiasheng Ling

Jan 15, 2025 | mdpi.com | Jiasheng Ling |Lei Zhang |Chenyang Liu |Guoxin Xia

1. IntroductionIndustrial control systems (ICSs), as the core of critical infrastructure, are widely used in power, water supply, and manufacturing industries. However, with the continuous development of network technology, the cyber-security of ICSs faces serious challenges. Cyber-attacks not only lead to information leakage but may also cause damage to physical equipment, casualties, and environmental damage. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure the security of ICSs [1].

Sep 19, 2023 | mdpi.com | Duo Sun |Lei Zhang |Kai Jin |Jiasheng Ling

3.2. Model Structure and Algorithm FlowIn this paper, we propose an ETM-TBD intrusion detection model, shown in Figure 2. The model mainly consists of four parts: an Ensemble Tree Models module, a Transformer module, a BiGRU module and a DNN module. The Ensemble Tree Models module adopts the integrated learning model that stacks four basic machine learning trees.