Takao Hoshino

May 11, 2023 | frontiersin.org | Shinichiro Uchiyama |Takao Hoshino |Lucy Thomas |Koichi Oki

1. Introduction Cervical artery dissection (CAD) is one of the major causes of stroke in young and middle-aged adults, often caused by neck distortion, chiropractic manipulation, and trauma (1–3). Patients with CAD can have a wide range of symptoms, varying from completely asymptomatic to a fatal stroke. Typically, CADs present symptoms such as headache or neck pain and a partial Horner's syndrome, followed by retinal or cerebral ischemia (4–6).