National Bureau of Economic Research

2 weeks ago | nber.org | Andrew Johnston |Jonah Rockoff |James Harrington

Skip to main content We are grateful to the Texas Education Agency (TEA) for providing staffing records and grateful to the staff at University of Texas in Dallas for facilitating data linking and providing access to student achievement records. We are also indebted to many for thoughtful reads and feedback on our work including Chad Aldeman, Adam Bloomfield, Mark Duggan, Maria Fitzpatrick, Dillon Fuchsman, Todd Gormley, Robert Jensen, Cory Koedel, Alex Mas, Olivia S.

3 weeks ago | nber.org | Joshua Gans

Skip to main content Thanks to Claude Sonnet 3.7 and Gemini 2.5 Pro (Experimental) for helpful research assistance. Responsibility for all errors remains my own. The views expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. Related

1 month ago | nber.org | Stella Jia |Abhishek Nagaraj

Srushti Pawar and Nancy Ma provided invaluable research assistance. This work was not funded by any external organization, although we do thank OpenAI for research credits that were used to execute a part of this research. We are very grateful to Alex Reisner, David Bamman and participants at the Berkeley-Haas Macro Research Lunch and the Data Innovation Lab for useful discussions about this project.

1 month ago | nber.org | Joshua Gans

Skip to main content Thanks to Steven Callandar and Johannes Schneider for helpful discussions and to chatgpt-o3-mini-high and Claude 3.7 (at least when it was willing to work) for excellent research assistance. And, yes, I am aware there is something ‘meta’ about all this. Responsibility for all errors remains my own. The views expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. Joshua S.

1 month ago | nber.org | Joseph Aldy |Forest L. Reinhardt |Robert Stavins

The Harvard Initiative on Reducing Global Methane Emissions – a Research Cluster of the Salata Institute for Climate and Sustainability at Harvard University – provided financial support for this research. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.