National Bureau of Economic Research

The National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) is a nonpartisan, private organization dedicated to advanced research and analysis on significant economic topics. Each year, it shares its research insights with scholars, policymakers in both the public and private sectors, and the general public. The NBER publishes over 1,200 working papers and hosts more than 120 academic conferences annually.

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Articles

Optimal Tariffs When Labor Income Taxes Are Distortionary

1 week ago | nber.org | Narayana Kocherlakota

Skip to main content I have no outside sources of funding or financial relationships that bear on this research to report. The views expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. Related
Place Based Economic Development and Tribal Casinos

1 week ago | nber.org | Randall Akee |Maggie Jones |Emilia Simeonova

Any opinions and conclusions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not represent the views of the U.S. Census Bureau. The Census Bureau has ensured appropriate access and use of confidential data and has reviewed these results for disclosure avoidance protection (Project 7506339: CBDRB-FY24-CES014-032, CBDRB- FY25-CES005-002, CBDRB-FY25-CES005-006). Akee and Simeonova gratefully acknowledge financial support from the W.T. Grant Foundation. Any errors are ours alone.
Screening Through Soft Spending Limits: Evidence from the Medicare Therapy Cap

3 weeks ago | nber.org | Ashvin Gandhi |Maggie Shi

We thank Zhijian Li for excellent research assistance, as well as Jason Falvey, DPT; Brian McGarry, PhD, PT; Patti Marquardt, PT; and Xiao Zheng, MD for sharing their clinical expertise.
A Theory of Supply Function Choice and Aggregate Supply

4 weeks ago | nber.org | Joel Flynn |Georgios Nikolakoudis |Karthik Sastry

We are grateful to Hassan Afrouzi, Narek Alexanian, George-Marios Angeletos, Gideon Bornstein (discussant), V.V. Chari, Basil Halperin, Joe Hazell, Nobuhiro Kiyotaki, Ricardo Lagos, Jennifer La'O, Ernest Liu, N.
The Law and Economics of Lawyers: Evidence from the Revolving Door in China’s Judicial System

4 weeks ago | nber.org | John Liu |Wenwei Peng |Shaoda Wang |Daniel Xu

We thank Marianne Bertrand, Shengmao Cao, Luis Garicano, Chang-Tai Hsieh, Ruixue Jia, James Kung, Jin Li, Jens Ludwig, Sultan Mehmood, Suresh Naidu, Ben Olken, Jacopo Ponticelli, Nancy Qian, Jim Robinson, Evan Rose, Michael Song, Yongxiang Wang, Yanhui Wu, Noam Yuchtman, Taisu Zhang, Xiaoxue Zhao, Luigi Zingales, and various seminar and conference participants for helpful suggestions.
Pension Reform and Labor Supply: Retention and Productivity under a Pension Cut

1 month ago | nber.org | Andrew Johnston |Jonah Rockoff |James Harrington

Skip to main content We are grateful to the Texas Education Agency (TEA) for providing staffing records and grateful to the staff at University of Texas in Dallas for facilitating data linking and providing access to student achievement records. We are also indebted to many for thoughtful reads and feedback on our work including Chad Aldeman, Adam Bloomfield, Mark Duggan, Maria Fitzpatrick, Dillon Fuchsman, Todd Gormley, Robert Jensen, Cory Koedel, Alex Mas, Olivia S.
AI as Strategist

1 month ago | nber.org | Joshua Gans

Skip to main content Thanks to Claude Sonnet 3.7 and Gemini 2.5 Pro (Experimental) for helpful research assistance. Responsibility for all errors remains my own. The views expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. Related
Revolving Door Laws and Political Selection

1 month ago | nber.org | Raymond Fisman |Jetson Leder-Luis |Silvia Vannutelli

Skip to main content The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. Related
Cloze Encounters: The Impact of Pirated Data Access on LLM Performance

1 month ago | nber.org | Stella Jia |Abhishek Nagaraj

Srushti Pawar and Nancy Ma provided invaluable research assistance. This work was not funded by any external organization, although we do thank OpenAI for research credits that were used to execute a part of this research. We are very grateful to Alex Reisner, David Bamman and participants at the Berkeley-Haas Macro Research Lunch and the Data Innovation Lab for useful discussions about this project.
A Quest for AI Knowledge

2 months ago | nber.org | Joshua Gans

Skip to main content Thanks to Steven Callandar and Johannes Schneider for helpful discussions and to chatgpt-o3-mini-high and Claude 3.7 (at least when it was willing to work) for excellent research assistance. And, yes, I am aware there is something ‘meta’ about all this. Responsibility for all errors remains my own. The views expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. Joshua S.