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Aug 25, 2023 | 
science.org | Yun Zhu |Hideaki Yamamoto |David Elser |Phillip E. Jardine
Published In Science AdvancesVolume 9 | Issue 34August 2023Article versionsSubmission historyReceived: 7 July 2023Accepted: 25 July 2023PermissionsSee the Reprints and Permissions page for information about permissions for this article.
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Aug 25, 2023 | 
science.org | Yun Zhu |Hideaki Yamamoto |David Elser |Janna D. Lendner
Research ArticleCOGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE INTRODUCTIONContemporary theories of sleep function proposed that the overnight regulation of excitability constitutes a physiologic mechanism underlying neural network plasticity, facilitating memory consolidation during sleep (1–4). In vivo animal studies have revealed that wakefulness and learning lead to a progressive excitability increase (2, 5, 6).
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Aug 25, 2023 | 
science.org | Yun Zhu |Hideaki Yamamoto |David Elser |F. Paul Spitzner
Research ArticleNEUROSCIENCE INTRODUCTIONThe mammalian brain is in a state of perpetual ongoing activity characterized by high levels of irregularity in single-neuron response (1, 2) and correlated fluctuations across brain regions (3–7). Understanding the origin and functional significance of such neuronal activity has been challenging for both physics and neuroscience, and diverse competing hypotheses have been proposed to rationalize its nature.
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Aug 25, 2023 | 
science.org | Yun Zhu |Hideaki Yamamoto |David Elser |Fred T. Bowyer
Research ArticleGEOCHEMISTRY INTRODUCTIONThe end of the Sturtian cryochron [ca. 661 million years (Ma) ago ], during which global mean temperature increased from Snowball to super-greenhouse conditions, documents one of the most profound paleoclimatic shifts in Earth’s history (1). In the subsequent Cryogenian non-glacial interval (ca.
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Aug 25, 2023 | 
science.org | Yun Zhu |Hideaki Yamamoto |David Elser |David Pflieger
MATERIALS AND METHODSNicotiana species with their origin and associated accession numbers are summarized in table S1. Seeds of all Nicotiana species were directly germinated on soil, with the exception of N. attenuata, for which smoke-induced seed germination was established as described previously (8). For all species, glasshouse growth conditions were as described previously (8). Six- to eight-week-old elongated plants were used for all metabolomics analyses.
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Aug 25, 2023 | 
science.org | Yun Zhu |Hideaki Yamamoto |David Elser |Tsz Hong Tsang
MATERIALS AND METHODSAll animal studies and experimental procedures were performed according to the German animal care and ethics legislation and were approved by the local government authority, the Committee on Research Animal Care, Regierungspräsidium Freiburg (G-18/144). The study is compliant with all relevant ethical regulations regarding animal research. The Kansl2-floxed, Kansl3-floxed, and Nphs2-Cre mouse strains have been previously described (26, 27).
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Aug 25, 2023 | 
science.org | Yun Zhu |Hideaki Yamamoto |David Elser |Hongmiao Hu
MATERIALS AND METHODSHuman histone H2A/H2B dimer was purified as described previously (43). Plasmid pRSFDuet-H3-H4 (a gift from K. Muir and D. Barford, Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology) with an N-terminal His6-HRV-3C site fusion on H4 was transformed into Rosetta(DE3)-pLysS cells. HRV-3C is human rhinovirus 3C protease cleavage site.
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Aug 25, 2023 | 
science.org | Yun Zhu |Hideaki Yamamoto |David Elser |Tielin Zhang
Research ArticleNEUROSCIENCE INTRODUCTIONMany synaptic plasticity rules found in natural neural networks have been used to determine the credit assignment (i.e., the extent of local synaptic weight modification) of neural networks to correct global output errors (1).
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Aug 25, 2023 | 
science.org | Yun Zhu |Hideaki Yamamoto |David Elser |Xinghao Huang
MATERIALS AND METHODSThe fabrication of the origami-inspired 3D electrodes began with spin coating a sacrificial layer of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) on a glass slide at 3000 rpm, followed by deposition of a parylene C layer (5 μm in thickness) as the first functional layer. Deposition, patterning, and etching of a metal layer (Cr/Au, 25 nm/200 nm in thickness) defined the electrode area and the interconnects.
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Aug 25, 2023 | 
science.org | Yun Zhu |Hideaki Yamamoto |David Elser |Qijun Tang
Research ArticleNEUROSCIENCE INTRODUCTIONWhen we eat is as important for our health as what and how much we eat. Studies in both mice and humans have shown that eating during the rest phase (daytime for mice or nighttime for humans) is associated with increased risk of weight gain, glucose intolerance, hepatic steatosis, and cardiovascular disease (1–4).
