Articles

  • Mar 27, 2025 | frontiersin.org | Tingting Wang |Ling Ji |Jian Li |Min Zhang |Yanyan Hong |Sixuan Han

    Background and aimsAlthough exercise performance is an essential tool for managing heart failure, there is still no consensus on whether exercise prescriptio...

  • Mar 19, 2025 | mdpi.com | Yiwen Wang |Weiguo Wu |Jian Li |Shan Wang |Hantao Zhang

    All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess.

  • Feb 17, 2025 | nature.com | Jian Li |Eryong Xue |Siyuan Guo

    The Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) is a vehicle for promoting students’ learning that plays a significant role in basic education reform globally. Few studies have used the transnational academic achievements of PISA as evidence to systematically summarize the primary motivation behind PISA’s participation in global decision-making and the core issues of PISA’s impact on education reform. Using a systematic review approach, we aimed to analyze findings from empirical research about the impact of PISA on global basic education policies and to provide an overview of the effects of PISA on global basic education reform. The Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) and Scopus databases were searched for empirical research written in English, focusing on basic education, and including search terms such as PISA, educational reform, and policy. A total of 85 studies were included in the review and systematically synthesized to determine the effect of PISA on global basic education reform. PISA drives policy discussions on education quality and equity through its pursuit of educational quality, data-based comparative analysis, and evidence-based research paradigms. PISA’s impact has extended far beyond its original function of measuring the quality of education among countries, and it profoundly affects global education governance through ‘soft’ governance of the education system. We present a specific mechanism model of PISA’s impact on the development of education policies that demonstrates the two-way interaction between PISA and education reform, providing a theoretical reference for future academic research on education reform linked to PISA.

  • Jan 18, 2025 | mdpi.com | Ke Wu |Tao Xie |Jian Li |Chao Wang

    All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess.

  • Nov 1, 2024 | journals.ametsoc.org | Yin Zhao |Jian Li

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