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Oct 15, 2024 | 
nature.com | Emma Dempster |Eilis Hannon |Diego Quattrone |Edoardo Spinazzola |Zhikun Li |Charlotte Gayer-Anderson | +17 more
AbstractThe rising prevalence and legalisation of cannabis worldwide have underscored the need for a comprehensive understanding of its biological impact, particularly on mental health. Epigenetic mechanisms, specifically DNA methylation, have gained increasing recognition as vital factors in the interplay between risk factors and mental health.
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Jul 24, 2024 | 
err.ersjournals.com | Alessandro De Angelis |Emma Johnson |Stefano Aliberti
IntroductionBronchiectasis is a chronic respiratory disease characterised by irreversible airways dilation, chronic inflammation and impaired mucus clearance [1]. Clinical features of bronchiectasis include daily productive cough, dyspnoea, fatigue and increased susceptibility to respiratory tract infections [1, 2].
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Jul 16, 2024 | 
nature.com | Jinjie Duan |Daniel F Levey |G. Bragi Walters |Emma Johnson |Arpana Agrawal |Joel Gelernter | +2 more
AbstractCannabis use disorder (CUD) and cannabis use (CU) are prevalent conditions co-occurring with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Here we report results from a cross-disorder genome-wide association study of ADHD and CUD or CU. We identified 36 concordant genome-wide significant loci for ADHD–CUD and ten loci for ADHD–CU. DRD2 was identified as an ADHD–CUD risk gene.
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Jul 4, 2024 | 
nature.com | David Baranger |Aaron J Gorelik |Sarah Paul |Alexander S. Hatoum |Emma Johnson |Christopher D. Smyser | +6 more
Prenatal cannabis exposure (PCE) is associated with mental health problems in early adolescence, but the possible neurobiological mechanisms remain unknown. In a large longitudinal sample of adolescents (ages 9–12 years, n = 9,322–10,186), we find that PCE is associated with localized differences in gray and white matter of the frontal and parietal cortices, their associated white matter tracts, and striatal resting-state connectivity, even after accounting for potential pregnancy, familial, and child confounds. Variability in forceps minor and pars triangularis diffusion metrics partially longitudinally mediate associations of PCE with attention problems and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms. PCE-related differences in brain development may confer vulnerability to worse mental health in early adolescence. The authors used data from the ABCD Study to examine the effects of prenatal cannabis exposure on neuroimaging metrics and mental health in adolescents.
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Jul 3, 2024 | 
err.ersjournals.com | Emma Johnson |James Chalmers
IntroductionBronchiectasis is an increasingly common, and uniquely heterogeneous disease diagnosed when permanent bronchial dilatation is seen on chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) [1–4]. This bronchial dilatation is the outcome of a “vicious vortex” of airway inflammation, recurrent infection and epithelial dysfunction where these factors become mutually reinforcing and lead to irreversible structural airway damage [5, 6].
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Apr 16, 2024 | 
nature.com | Sylvanus Toikumo |Benjamin Pham |Travis T. Mallard |John J Meredith |Laura Vilar-Ribó |Emma Johnson | +14 more
AbstractTobacco use disorder (TUD) is the most prevalent substance use disorder in the world. Genetic factors influence smoking behaviours and although strides have been made using genome-wide association studies to identify risk variants, most variants identified have been for nicotine consumption, rather than TUD.
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Apr 2, 2024 | 
newsweek.com | Emma Johnson |Timothy Head
In our nine decades, Newsweek has covered all aspects of health care—scientific challenges, economic disruption, the occasional medical miracle and most of all, what these developments mean for our readers. As part of that commitment, we've partnered with Statista Inc., the global market research and consumer data firm, to rank the best specialized hospitals. For the second year, we are ranking America's Best Cancer Hospitals.
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Mar 1, 2024 | 
breathe.ersjournals.com | Emma Johnson
IntroductionPneumonia is a clinical syndrome characterised by fever, cough and alveolar infiltration of purulent fluid caused by infection with a microbial pathogen. It can be caused by bacterial, viral or fungal infections, but a causative organism is found in less than half of cases [1]. Furthermore, the risk factors, treatment and clinical course can vary greatly and thus prevention strategies vary as well.
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Jan 22, 2024 | 00490-3/fulltext?rss=yes&sz=64)
thelancet.com | Emma Johnson |James Chalmers
In this study of adults with VAP, individualised shortened antibiotic duration guided by clinical response was non-inferior to longer treatment durations in terms of 60-day mortality and pneumonia recurrence, and associated with substantially reduced antibiotic use and side-effects. Individualised, short-course antibiotic treatment for VAP could help to reduce the burden of side-effects and the risk of antibiotic resistance in high-resource and resource-limited settings.
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Dec 7, 2023 | 
nature.com | Hang Zhou |Rachel L. Kember |Joseph D. Deak |Travis T. Mallard |Jiayi Xu |Emma Johnson | +18 more
AbstractProblematic alcohol use (PAU), a trait that combines alcohol use disorder and alcohol-related problems assessed with a questionnaire, is a leading cause of death and morbidity worldwide. Here we conducted a large cross-ancestry meta-analysis of PAU in 1,079,947 individuals (European, N = 903,147; African, N = 122,571; Latin American, N = 38,962; East Asian, N = 13,551; and South Asian, N = 1,716 ancestries).
